Here’s a scenario: eighteen students and one professor are sitting in Found class in 203 Palm Tree Hall at Roads College when bullets burst through the windows. There is nowhere to hide as the steady stream of bullets flows into the classroom, leaving each student (and professor) to try to protect themselves by diving behind bodies and placing others in front of the bullets.
Think this isn’t a feasible scenario? Ask Kinji Fukasaku, director of the movie Battle Royale, who worked in a munitions factory during World War II. His entire class was drafted when he was fifteen to work in the factory and one day they were caught in artillery fire. With nowhere to hide, his classmates dove under each other to shield themselves from harm.
This, my friends, is Rousseau’s view of the natural man in society: the self-serving and self-interested human always interested in survival and self-preservation. We argued recently about whether or not it was essential for humanity’s survival for humans to be co-dependent upon one another, and brought up several post-apocalyptic scenarios in which there could be a dichotomy of choices, namely whether or not to help those weaker than you or just leave them behind.
I offer this link to a fantastic movie that we previously viewed in the Philosophy Film Series last year: Battle Royale. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1225842003597524246
You can ignore the stuff in the intro about the adults fearing the children and all that stuff. It doesn’t make much sense. Just keep watching.
In this movie, a class of 9th graders is sent to an island and given weapons and a three day time limit in which they must kill all others on the island. If there is more than one person alive after three days are up, everyone dies. The question then, my fellow classmates, is whether or not we can kill each other to survive. The answer, as we quickly see, is yes. Factions quickly form within the class and there is a general lack of unity among the classmates as they almost all turn on each other and kill each other in an attempt to survive. One might argue that the reason factions form is due to humans’ need to interact and depend upon each other, but I offer this counterpoint: cold-hearted Kiriyama almost won the game and he operated entirely as a lone wolf. I argue that factions are alliances of convenience which often deteriorate when no external threat is present. Later in the movie, a group of girls that hide in a watchtower turn on each other as mutual suspicion rises and there is nothing to keep them united. This pattern is not new, as the girls’ inevitable betrayals echo the course of history. Take the alliance of the U.S. and U.S.S.R. against Nazi Germany, for example.
The other argument that one might derive from this movie is that in the end love conquers all, and since it is love between two people that allows them to both survive the game, it proves humanity’s co-dependence. To this I say that the two lovers are an anomaly in a system full of people that are overwhelmingly interested in serving themselves.
I encourage you all to watch this movie (it’s only an hour and 15 minutes) and reply to my questions:
1) Do you believe in Rousseau’s view of human nature? If not, why?
2) Do you believe that survival is the ultimate incentive for humans? Is it realistic for humans to consistently sacrifice themselves for others? We see two examples of this in the movie (The rogue Kawada, who won a previous game of Battle Royale through the grace of his love, and of course the two lover protagonists Shuya and Noriko.) Are these two examples glitches in the system? Or are they true representations of human nature? If they are, then what justifies the actions of the other players in the game?
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6 comments:
I have a question:
Self-preservation also plays an integral role in Locke's idea of the state of nature. He claims that in the state of nature everyone's primary goal would be to defend their own freedom. Thus, if someone poses a threat to your freedom, lets just say by attacking you, could justifiably react against that person to preserve yourself.
So, would this mean Locke and Rousseau have the same views on self-preservation?
I don't think Rousseau and Locke have the same views on self-preservation. Rousseau emphasizes the "feeling" and "goodness" of the self. Best I remember, Rousseau didn't even deal much with the thought experiment of a state of nature. His discussion of the self is definitely a post-socialization conception; he would probably still say that humans are morally good and would recognize themselves as a part of this overarching self of humanity. We for sure can’t know (based on the reading from Solomon) what Rousseau would say in a situation where someone attacked you because in his understanding no one would attack you. Perhaps at this point, at a very socialized level of existence Rousseau is right that we have developed a sense of the universality of the self, but in a state of nature that would not be true. Both Locke and Hobbes agree that if someone threatens you, you have the right to defend yourself. They also both agree at out of that very same drive for self-preservation people want to form social contracts. The result of these contracts is relative peace and security, but this is not out of some recognition of the overarching human self and the need to respect it or something, it is out of fear.
The fact that you are citing this movie is genuinely humorous and you do a good job tying it in to your post. However, that you actually ask us to watch it is an absurd request.
To answer your questions:
1. No. See Emily's comment.
2. Kawada is probably the best example of humanity. When shit went down, he went guns up ready for a fight. If no one threatened him, he looked out for himself fairly well but would serve others (Shuya and Noriko; Sugimura in some adaptations) should the need arise even at the obvious inconvenience to himself.
1) Do you believe in Rousseau’s view of human nature? If not, why?
No. It's too idealistic, and it seems hard to apply his theories to an actual state of nature.
2) I belive that survival is definitely the end goal for humans; however, I think that we must view survival not merely as that of the physical self. It would be advantageous to reference Gilgamesh here, who found his immortality not in his actual physical survival; rather, through his conquests and legacy. I believe that human nature has some form of rationality inherent in it, and so I don't think that purely physical survival is necessary.
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